Author/Authors :
ESFANDIARI, EZATOLLAH Department of Plant Production and Genetics - Faculty of Agriculture - University of Maragheh , ABDOLI, MAJID Young Researchers and Elite Club - Zanjan Branch - Islamic Azad University , SADEGHZADEH, BEHZAD Dryland Agricultural Research Institute - Agricultural Research - Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Maragheh
Abstract :
Micronutrients deficiency stress is one of the most important dangers for increasing the yield and good production of crops in the world. In order to evaluate genetic diversity of nineteen durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum) genotypes, to identify the most zinc-deficient stress resistant genotypes, and also finding the best stress tolerance indices, an experiment was carried out in the University of Maragheh, Iran during cropping season of 2014 by using a factorial experiment in the randomized complete block design with three replications. Zinc deficient stress (non-Zn application; -Zn) and normal soil application (5 mg Zn/kg soil + foliar application with 0.44 g Zn/liter water at stem elongation and grain filling stages; +Zn) treatments were evaluated for 19 genotypes. Results indicated that Zn conditions as well as, wheat genotypes differed significantly for all studied agro-morphological traits. Our findings indicated that Zn-deficient stress significantly decreased the spike length (SL), peduncle length (PedL), penultimate length (PenL), plant height (PH), spike weight (SW), peduncle weight (PedW), penultimate weight (PenW), biological yield (BY), grain yield (GY), harvest index (HI), number of grains per spike (NGS), number of fertile spikelet per spike (FS) and 1000 grains weight (TGW) by 14, 10.6, 10.4, 12.5, 25.3, 26.2, 27.9, 27.5, 29.4, 5.0, 25.5, 17.7 and 5.4%, respectively. Among durum wheat genotypes, ‘G2’ had the highest and ‘G10’ and ‘G19’ had the lowest SW, PedW, BY and FS, respectively; while the highest and the lowest GY and NGS were observed for ‘G17’ (0.763 g/plant and 23.2 grain) and ‘G10’ (0.372 g/plant and 367) and ‘G19’ (8.9 g/plant and 9.5 grain) genotypes, respectively. This indicated the presence of variability, which can be exploited through selection for further breeding programs. According to results of stress tolerance indices, ‘G17’, ‘G16’ and ‘G3’ genotypes had higher GY and (Stress tolerance index) STI index than other genotypes in two Zn conditions and for identified as suitable genotypes for production in Zn deficient stress condition.
Keywords :
Agro-morphological traits , Breeding , Calcareous soil , Durum wheat , Genetic variability , Zinc deficit
