Author/Authors :
Halim, Shariff School - Management & Science University - University Drive - Off Persiaran Olahraga - Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia , Ismail, Ummi Umaimah School - Management & Science University - University Drive - Off Persiaran Olahraga - Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstract :
Morphine is used as analgesics medication to reduce pain by inhibiting transmission of pain impulses especially in spinal cord and modulation of central pain processing. Unfortunately, the increase abuse of opioids such as morphine or heroin often leads to various side effects such as addiction, tolerance and physical dependence. Hence, it demands for a need of pharmacotherapeutic interventions to overcome this issue
