Sonographic diagnosis of proximal median nerve entrapment due to an arteriovenous graft in a hemodialysis patient

A 64‑year‑old woman with a 2‑year history of chronic renal failure had undergone hemodialysis through the arteriovenous fistula on her left forearm. Owing to occlusion of the fistula, she received an arteriovenous graft anastomosis of the brachial artery and basilic vein. Thereafter, she started to feel numbness over her palm, thumb, and first three fingers. Under the impression of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), she was treated with ultrasound diathermy over the wrist, but her discomfort persisted even after 6 treatment sessions. Eventually, she was referred for an ultrasonography (US) examination (on the 3rd week of the operation).