Study of Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel) Seed Extract Effects on Serum Level of Estrogen, Progesterone and Prolactin in Mouse

Objective: The Foeniculum vulgare (FVE) or fennel has a long history of use as both a food and medicine. The seed of this plant has been used to promote menstruation, alleviate the symptoms of female climacteric, and increase the number of ovarian follicles. The aim of this study is to evaluate the fennel extract effects on serum level of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin in female mice. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 virgin female albino mice were divided into four groups (n = 7). Groups 1 and 2 (experimental groups) were administered FVE at 100 and at a concentration of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 5 days, intraperitoneally. Group 3 (negative control) received ethanol and Group 4 (positive control) received normal saline. Animals were scarified at 6th day, sera were collected and the level of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin hormones was analyzed using Elisa Kit. Results: Data analysis revealed that there is a significant difference in the mean level of serum estrogen, progesterone and prolactin between four different groups. P value in experimental groups compared with the control groups was (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Fennel extract can increase the serum level of estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin in female mice; it can be introduced as a novel medicine for treatment of infertility.