Factors Related to Prolonged Recovery of Consciousness Following Cardiac Surgery

Background: Recovery from anesthesia may be defined as a state of the patient’s consciousness that consists of awareness of surroundings and identity. Prompt recovery of consciousness from anesthesia is essential for the evaluation of central nervous system dysfunction after cardiac surgery. The present study aimed to investigate the factors associated with recovery of consciousness following cardiac surgery. Method: In this study, 665 patients who underwent cardiac surgery were enrolled. Patient and surgeryrelated factors were collected through data sheets. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify factors related to prolonged recovery of consciousness. Results: The mean age of all the patients was 55.74 ± 13.85 years, and most of the patients were male (61.8%). There were significant associations between recovery of consciousness time and age (P = 0.001), neurological diseases (P = 0.001), respiratory diseases (P = 0.001), history of cerebrovascular accident (P < 0.0001), and history of arrhythmias (P = 0.01). Among cardiac risk factors, there were significant relationships between diabetes mellitus (P = 0.001), hypertension (P = 0.001), cigarette smoking (P = 0. 01), and opium addiction (P = 0.02) and delayed recovery of consciousness after anesthesia. The multivariate analysis of the factors potentially influencing recovery of consciousness time after cardiac surgery showed that age (OR: 1.04), cigarette smoking (OR: 1.94), diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.71), history of cerebrovascular accident (OR: 2.97), pump time (OR: 1.01), and intubation time (OR: 1.21) had significant relationships with prolonged recovery of consciousness (P < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that old age, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, longer pump time, longer intubation time, and history of cerebrovascular accident were risk factors for prolonged recovery of consciousness after cardiac surgery. These findings provide valuable information for effective patient care and anesthetic management after cardiac surgery.