Ibn Sina and Galen Were Right: The Heart Exhibits Right to Left Communication Between the Fibers of the Muscular Part of the Interventricular Septum

I read out of curiosity the article by Pezisai Mazengenya and Rashid Bhikha entitled ‘An analysis of historical vignettes by Ibn Sina in the Canon of Medicine on the structure and function of the cardiorespiratory apparatus’.1 Galen and the other ancient physicians discovered the communication from right to left through interventricular septum (IVS) of the heart by vivisections. They saw the blood flows at the right atrial filling phase at the end of the diastole right to left through the central muscular part of the IVS. They did not find the middle ventricle in the IVS.