Observations of Sludge Formation in Group I Base Stock for Lubricants and Thermodynamic Modeling with the SAFT Equation of State

Varnish and sludge formation are considered as one of the most common problems in lubrication and hydraulic systems. In order to simulate the condition of sludge formation, base stock lubricant (Group 1 API) has been selected and exposed to heat in a laboratory setup. Sludge formation process accelerated in the laboratory scale and solid liquid equilibrium data were extracted. Then solidliquid equilibrium has been modeled using SAFT equation of state through sludge formation. The results for prediction of sludge formation showed that the absolute average deviations between experimental and theoretical results were less than 1.4%. The calculated results for solubility coefficient of the oxidation byproducts from SN100 (solvent neutral Group I) base stock in fresh (unoxidized) oil were in good agreement with the experimental data, and average deviation between calculated and experimental data was less than 6.5%. The amount obtained for binary interaction parameter K_ij was – 0.0447.