Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Cause Interstitial Nephritis: a case Report and Review of Literatures

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a potentially life-threatening, complex, and multifaceted disease which may imitate other grave conditions. It presents with cutaneous drug eruptions, fever, hematologic abnormalities (an eosinophil count of 1500/mm3 or atypical lymphocytosis), and systemic involvement including hematologic, renal, pulmonary, hepatic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurologic, and endocrine abnormalities. Anticonvulsant therapies (mainly carbamazepine) are among the most important causative drugs. Case report: Herein we present a10-year-old girl who developed skin rash, systemic symptoms, marked eosinophilia, and kidney involvement following anticonvulsive treatment with phenobarbital and sodium valproate. She experienced multiple hospitalizations due to an improper diagnosis and management. Conclusion: Drug Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DIHS) is a severe life-threatening disorder which mostly occurs due to aromatic anticonvulsive drugs. The disease may mimic other serious conditions and delay in the diagnosis and improper treatment may cause organ involvement and more severe outcomes.