Thermal and chemical modification of bentonite for adsorption of an anionic dye

Raw bentonite (RB), a known lowcost versatile clay was used as an adsorbent. RB was treated thermally and chemically to increase its adsorption capacity. For thermal treatment (TTB), the bentonite was heated at 400 °C for 60 min, and for the chemical modification, its surface was treated by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to prepare organomodified bentonite (CTABB). The removal of Congo red dye (CR) from aqueous solution was investigated in the batch mode. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by SEM, BET, and FTIR analyses. The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration and temperature were investigated. The obtained results were in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of RB, TTB and CTABB was 43.1, 55.86 and 116.28 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic was better described by the pseudosecond order kinetic model. The results showed that thermally or chemically modified bentonite could be proposed as a lowcost adsorbent for the removal of CR from water.