Significant relationship between salivary and serum β2- microglobulin in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

Background: The presence of beta-2microglobulin (β2M) in biological fluids due to lack of binding to the membrane, increases at the time of cell turnover such as cancer and chronic infectious. In recent years, study on the standardization of saliva for clinical diagnosis is increased. The objective of this study was to determine β2M levels and the relationship between salivary and serum β2M in Prostate cancer (PCa) and Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, forty Subjects including 20 PCa and 20 BPH were enrolled. The concentration of β2M was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The comparison between β2M levels in the PCa and BPH groups as well as the correlation between salivary and serum β2M were tested using Mann-Whitney U test and spearman correlation coefficient, respectively. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed between salivary and serum β2M in the PCa and BPH groups (P 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that salivary β2M is correlated positive and significantly with serum β2M in the PCa (r = 0.747, P 0.05) and BPH (r = 0.513, P 0.05) groups. Conclusion: β2M can be a suitable biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate diseases, as well as salivary β2M can be used as an alternative approach to serum β2M for monitoring and diagnosis of prostate diseases.