Author/Authors :
Imani ، Vida - Qazvin University of Medical Sciences , Lin ، Chung-Ying - Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Jalilolgadr ، Shabnam - Qazvin University of Medical Sciences , Pakpour ، Amir H. - Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Background: Given the high prevalence of excessive daytime disorder (EDS) among children and adolescents, daytime sleepiness should be effectively measured for them to design appropriate intervention program. However, the commonly used instrument Epworth Sleepiness Scale for Children and Adolescents (ESSCHAD) has little information in its psychometric properties. This study aimed to apply 2 different test theories to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian ESSCHAD among a large sample of Iranian adolescents and children.Methods: In this methodological study, participants from 8 high schools (n=1371; 700 males), in Qazvin, Iran, completed the ESSCHAD, a background information sheet, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The ESSCHAD was translated by using a forwardbackward translation method.Two weeks later, the participants completed the ESSCHAD again. Internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha, testretest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), regression analysis testing the correlation between ESSCHAD and ISI, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)with measurement invariance, Rasch analysis with differential item functioning (DIF), and latent class analysis (LCA) were used to examine the psychometric properties of the ESSCHAD. Results: The internal consistency (α=0.79), testretest reliability (ICC=0.84), regression findings(β=0.39, P 0.001), CFA (comparative fit index [CFI])=0.974, rootmean square error of approximation [RMSEA]=0.040), supported measurement invariance (∆CFI=0.009 to 0.007,∆RMSEA=0.009 to 0.001), Rasch analysis (infit mean square=0.88 to 1.31, outfit mean square=0.68 to 1.19), and no substantial DIF (DIF contrast=0.43 to 0.38) all indicated that ESSCHAD is a reliable and valid instrument. The LCA further classified the sample into 2 distinctclasses. Conclusion: Persian ESSCHAD could be used to assess daytime sleepiness for adolescents whoare speaking Persian.
Keywords :
Adolescence , Child , Daytime sleepiness , Factor analysis , Rasch analysis
