Investigation of the Prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Small Ruminants in the Siirt Region, Turkey

Background: Fasciolosis is a disease of the liver caused by trematodes in the family of Fasciolidae, particularly by Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of F. hepatica in sheep using the ELISA method, and in hair goats by postmortem liver examination in the Siirt region, Turkey. Methods: This study was conducted between FebSep 2018. Five ml of blood samples were taken from the jugular veins of 320 sheep, which were selected from various locations of Siirt region by random sampling method. Fasciolosis seroprevalence in sheep was investigated by the ELISA method, using commercial kits (BIOK 211Monoscreen AB ELISA F. hepatica test). In order to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in hair goats, 580 slaughtered goats were examined for F. hepatica by incisions in the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts. Results: While 24 (7.50%) sheep were seropositive, 296 (92.50%) were seronegative. Regarding the hair goats, on the other hand, 82 (14.14%) were positive, while 498 (85.86%) were negative. Conclusion: F. hepatica infection causes significant economic losses due to the destruction of the liver in small ruminants. Considering zoonotic properties of the disease, it has been concluded that the necessary measures should be taken and antihelminthic drugs should be applied to the animals that come out of the pasture. Furthermore, periodic examinations should be conducted, and the breeders should be informed about the disease to raise awareness.