Study of wound healing potential of Stevia rebaudiana ethanol extract in male rats

Background and objectives: Stevia rebaudiana has been used in medicine as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antipyretic, antifungal, and antibacterial agent. The present study was conducted to investigate the healing effects of S. rebaudiana ethanol extracts on cutaneous wounds in rats. Methods: Fullthickness excisional wounds (2×2 cm) were induced on the back of 32 rats. The rats were divided into four groups as follows; untreated (control) and treated with 1 mL basal cream, 1 mL S. rebaudiana ethanol extract 10%, and 1 mL tetracycline (3%) for 20 days (short term). Animals of each group were euthanized at 20 day postinjury and wounds were assessed through macroscopic and microscopic analyses. Results: During the experiment, S. rebaudiana indicated a significant reduction in the wound area compared to other groups. Parameters such as arrangement of the healing tissue, reepithelilization and epithelial formation demonstrated considerable changes when compared to the control. In addition, treatment with S. rebaudiana decreased the total number of cells, fibrocytes/fibroblasts ratio, neutrophils, and lymphocytes and enhanced the number of blood vessels and fibroblasts at 20 day. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the wound healing activity of S. rebaudiana, lending credence to the folkloric use in the treatment of cutaneous wounds.