Abstract :
The marine environment is vulnerable to extraneous materials that are deliberately due to the fact that it contains many elements. It is more prominent near the coast of biodiversity because of its rich nutrition, which is transmitted through rivers into the sea, without taking into account the results of human activities. The Persian Gulf is a semi-closed sea with an area of 40,000 square kilometers on one side, stretching from the Strait of Hormuz to the Indian Ocean and located in the tropical and dry regions. This psychological and environmental condition has caused the aquatic species in this blue Because of their high pressures; their range of tolerance is low in relation to environmental changes and they are highly vulnerable to the introduction of pollutants due to the occurrence of contamination. Persian Gulf is very fragile due to its special climatic conditions and the entry of lowest pollutant into the sea has a destructive effect on the health of aquatic organisms and its creatures because the maximum sea water temperature in the summer is sometimes 36° to 37 °C. It reaches 12 °C in the north of the Persian Gulf, with an average of 26° to 27 °C at sea level and, due to the heat intensity, the rate of evaporation is very high and reaches 1,400 million liters per year. The pollution rate of the Persian Gulf is 47 times higher than the average environmental pollution, half of which is related to the transport of tankers and merchant ships. Oil pollution protection is recognized as one of the top environmental priorities for these areas. In this regard, it is necessary for all exploiters of the sea, including oil producers, terminals and oil refineries, and oil carriers, to take preventive measures to prevent oil spills, to prepare for oil disasters.
