Determinants of MultiDrug Resistant Tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients in Southern Ethiopia: A Case Control Study

Background: Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR) have been a hazardous concern both in developed and developing countries. Little information is available regarding the determinants of MDRTB in Ethiopia, and hence, We assessed the probable determinants of MDRTB in Southern Ethiopia. #xD; Methods: A casecontrol study was conducted. Cases were TB patients with simultaneous resistance to at least rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid (INH) and controls were TB patients who were susceptible to first line TB drugs and registered as cure or treatment completed from March 2016 to March 2018. We used simple random sampling method to select cases and controls. Data were collected using semistructured questionnaire with face to face interview and patients #x2019; clinical record review. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to determine determinants of MDRTB. Significance level was adjusted at pvalue lt;0.05. #xA0; #xD; Results: A total 102 cases together with 102 controls participated in the study. The mean age for cases and controls were 35.6 years (SD #xB1; 13.6) and 31.2 years (SD #xB1;15.4) respectively. Factors that independently predicted MDRTB were: time to reach health facility taking more than three hours (AOR 2, 95%CI=0.100.45), history of contact with known MDRTB patients (AOR 6, 95%CI=1.819.7), patients with no formal education (AOR 4.40, 95%CI=1.713.3), patients who didn #x2019;t get counseling (AOR 5, 95% CI=1.814) and patients who didn #x2019;t hear about MDRTB (AOR 6.8, 95% CI=2.9915.3). #xD; Conclusion: Multiple factors predicted MDRTB. Patients: at distant location, with known contact history of MDRTB patients, with low level of literacy, who lack information on MDRTB and who didn #x2019;t get counseling deserve special attention.