Effects of Flow Hydraulics, Pipe Structure and Submerged Jet on Leak Behaviour

The aim of this paper is numerical and experimental study of the effects of flow hydraulics, pipe structure (particularly elastic behaviour) and submerged jet on leak behaviour. In this regard, experimental tests were performed on a high-pressure circulation set up. Experiments were performed on an old steel pipe and a High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipe discharged to the atmosphere in a wide range of pressures up to 50 m. To analyze the leak behaviour, the effect of the surrounding environment and the pressure on leak area, the experimental setup was modeled by ANSYS software. Then, the numerical model was validated using experimental results and used to analyze and generalize leakage results in other situations. The results indicated that: 1) Standard k-ε turbulence model showed a better performance and relatively better results in modelling leakage in comparison with the other turbulence models, 2) Combining the Finite Volume and Finite Element methods for taking into account the impact of pressure allowed simultaneous examination of the pipe hydraulics and the structure of the leak area to obtain more reasonable results from hydraulic analysis of the flow and pipe structure, 3) Pressure fluctuations in the submerged jet affect the leakage discharge so that it is reduced compared to discharging to the atmosphere, 4) it was observed that the leakage exponent is close to the theoretical value of 0.5, considering the effect of pressure head on leak area behaviour. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between pressure head and leak area for elastic pipes.