Acute Effect of Intravenous Administration of Magnesium Sulfate on Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Patients Undergoing Elective Coronary Bypass Graft With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Background: Cardiovascular problems are among the most common health issues. A considerable number of cardiac patients undergo cardiac surgery, and coronary artery disease patients constitute about two-thirds of all these surgeries. The application of cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) usually results in some untoward effects. Objectives: Studies have suggested magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) as an anti-inflammatory agent in a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This study aimed to assess the effect of an IV MgSO4 infusion during elective CABG (with CBP) on the blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Materials and Methods: During a 12 month period, after review board approval and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 patients were selected and entered randomly into one of the two study groups (MgSO4 or placebo). Anesthesia, surgery and CBP were performed in exactly the same way, except for the use of MgSO4 or a placebo. Both preoperative and postoperative plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were checked and compared between the two groups using an ELISA. Results: There was no difference found between the two groups with regard to; gender, basic variables, Ejection Fraction (EF), CBP time and aortic cross-clamp time. The preoperative levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were not different; however, their postoperative levels were significantly higher in the placebo group (P value = 0.01 for IL-6 and 0.005 for TNF-α). Conclusions: This study showed that MgSO4 infusion could suppress part of the inflammatory response after CABG with CBP. This was demonstrated by decreased levels of interleukin-6 and TNF-α in postoperative serum levels in elective CABG with CBP.