Causes and Risk Factors Associated to Neonatal Mortality in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Besat Hospital Hamadan-Iran in 2015 to 2016

Background Advances in the perinatal and neonatal cares have brought about considerable reductions in the neonatal mortality. The present study aimedto determine the disease patterns, outcomes and factors influencing the neonatal mortality in single neonatal intensive care unit. Materials and Methods This descriptive research was retrospective and cross-sectional in type. The study population enrolled all neonates who had been hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the Besat hospital, Hamadan city, Iran, for a period of one year from October 1, 2015 to September 31, 2016 and the mothers and infants information (such as maternal diseases, delivery mode, neonatal age, birth weight, the causes and duration of hospitalization) were extracted from the Medical records and analyzed using SPSS software version 16.0 Results The study population included 600 infants and 13% (78) of whom were died. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis for the risk factors associated to the neonatal deaths indicated that there was a significant relationship between neonatal deaths and the use of mechanical ventilation, gastrointestinal bleeding, birth weight less than 2500 grams, positive urine cultures, need for surgery, administration of dopamine, anticonvulsant drugs, and surfactant (P<0.05). Conclusion The present study indicated that sepsis, surfactant administration and ventilator use significantly influence neonatal death; additionally, to underlying diseases, the occurrence of complications and their number increase the probability of neonatal deaths.