Dietary Intake and Its Related Factors in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients in Tehran, Iran

Poor nutritional status is prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and is related to morbidity and mortality. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the dietary intake and its related factors in PD patients in Tehran, Iran. Methods. All eligible PD patients in Tehran peritoneal dialysis centers were included in this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake of PD patients was determined using a 3-day dietary recall. Also, a 4 mL blood sample was obtained from each patient to measure serum biochemical parameters. Results. Intake of energy, protein, and fiber were lower than recommended values in 81%, 92%, and 100% of PD patients; respectively. The prevalence of inadequate energy intake in PD patients with dialysis vintage ≤ 5 years was significantly higher as compared to those with dialysis vintage > 5 years (P < .05). A significant association was observed between inadequate energy intake and inadequate vitamin B3 intake (P < .05). There was a marginally (not) significant association between inadequate energy intake and inadequate vitamin B1 intake (P > .05). Intake of the vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, folic acid, B12, E, C, and of the minerals, calcium, and zinc from both the diet and supplements were lower than recommended values in 15%, 38%, 23%, 39%, 52%, 32%, 47%, 29%, 54%, and 50.5% of PD patients, respectively. Conclusion. Insufficient intake of energy and various nutrients are common in PD patients in Tehran, Iran; which may contribute to morbidity and mortality in these patients.