Effect of Vitamin D Supplement on Mood Status and Inflammation in Vitamin D Deficient Type 2 Diabetic Women with Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in nervous health and depression. Vitamin D defciency and anxiety affect diabetic status. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anxiety, depression, and inflammation in diabetic women with anxiety. Methods:  In this randomized controlled trial, totally 51  women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and vitamin D defciency were randomly allocated to receive one oral pearl of 50,000 IU vitamin D3 (26 women) or a placebo (25 women) fortnightly for 16 weeks. Anthropometric indices, sun exposure, dietary intake, depression, anxiety, and stress scores and biochemical biomarkers including high sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) and interleukin‑10 (IL‑10) were measured at the baseline and after 16‑week supplementation. Results: Mean ± SD age of participant was 47.43 ± 9.57 years old. Baseline values were  not different between the groups. Anxiety score changes were signifcantly lower in vitamin D group than the controls (P = 0.001). Within group comparison indicated that depression in supplement group with lower vitamin D levels was signifcantly reduced. Serum hs‑CRP reduced (P = 0.01), while IL‑10 concentrations increased (P = 0.04) in the intervention group. Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation can improve mood status and anti‑inflammatory biomarkers in female diabetics with anxiety and vitamin D defciency.