Author/Authors :
Rahman, Md Shaifur Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine - Medical Faculty - Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany , Spitzhorn, Lucas‑Sebastian Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine - Medical Faculty - Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany , Adjaye, James Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine - Medical Faculty - Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany , Rana, Md Masud Institute of Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research - Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh , Hasan, Md Zahid Institute of Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research - Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh , Asaduzzaman, Sikder M. Institute of Tissue Banking and Biomaterial Research - Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh , Akhtar, Naznin School of Medicine - University Waurn Ponds, Australia , Choudhury, Naiyyum Bangladesh Atomic Energy Regulatory Authority, Dhaka, Bangladesh , Fehm, Tanja Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology - Medical Faculty - Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany , Czernuszka, Jan T. Department of Materials - University of Oxford
Abstract :
Fabrication of scaffolds from biomaterials for restoration of defected mandible bone has attained increased attention due
to limited accessibility of natural bone for grafting. Hydroxyapatite (Ha), collagen type 1 (Col1) and chitosan (Cs) are
widely used biomaterials which could be fabricated as a scaffold to overcome the paucity of bone substitutes. Here, rabbit
Col1, shrimp Cs and bovine Ha were extracted and characterized with respect to physicochemical properties. Following the
biocompatibility, degradability and cytotoxicity tests for Ha, Col1 and Cs a hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan (Ha·Col1·Cs)
scaffold was fabricated using thermally induced phase separation technique. This scaffold was cross-linked with (1) either
glutaraldehyde (GTA), (2) de-hydrothermal treatment (DTH), (3) irradiation (IR) and (4) 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
(HEMA), resulting in four independent types (Ha·Col1·Cs-GTA, Ha·Col1·Cs-IR, Ha·Col1·Cs-DTH and Ha·Col1·Cs-HEMA).
The developed composite scaffolds were porous with 3D interconnected fiber microstructure. However, Ha·Col1·Cs-IR and
Ha·Col1·Cs-GTA showed better hydrophilicity and biodegradability. All four scaffolds showed desirable blood biocompatibility
without cytotoxicity for brine shrimp. In vitro studies in the presence of human amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal
stem cells revealed that Ha·Col1·Cs-IR and Ha·Col1·Cs-DHT scaffolds were non-cytotoxic and compatible for cell attachment,
growth and mineralization. Further, grafting of Ha·Col1·Cs-IR and Ha·Col1·Cs-DHT was performed in a surgically
created non-load-bearing rabbit maxillofacial mandible defect model. Histological and radiological observations indicated
the restoration of defected bone. Ha·Col1·Cs-IR and Ha·Col1·Cs-DHT could be used as an alternative treatment in bone
defects and may contribute to further development of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Keywords :
Hydroxyapatite , Collagen , Chitosan , Scaffold , Biocompatibility , AF-MSCs , Mandible bone defect , Bone tissue engineering
