Author/Authors :
Zununi Vahed, Sepideh Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Moghaddas Sani, Hakimeh Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Rajabzadeh, Sima Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Nariman-Saleh-Fam, Ziba Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Hejazian, Mina Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Zununi Vahed, Fatemeh Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Hosseiniyan Khatibi, Mahdi Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Mohajel Shoja, Mohammadali Department of Surgery - University of Texas Medical Branch, USA , Ardalan, Mohammadreza Kidney Research Center - Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Abstract :
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a challenging clinical task. It has heterogeneous etiology and extremely variable clinical outcomes and generally progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Different gene mutations in podocyte’s slit diaphragm, mitochondria, and cytoskeleton proteins, as well as glomerular basement membrane (GBM) have been associated with SRNS. These proteins regulate the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Advances in genetic approaches and podocytology have led to discover the SRNS-causing genes that lead to a better understanding of the drug resistance. More than 45 genetic mutations have been recognized in the hereditary form of SRNS. This review offers an update on the current knowledge of steroid resistance-causing gene mutations in podocytes. Understanding the specific genes involved in SRNS would guarantee an optimum therapeutic benefit of steroid treatment.
Keywords :
Podocytopathy , Proteinuria , Gene mutation , Podocyte
