Review of strategies to address social determinants of health and health disparities to improve health outcomes

Background: In the United States, medical care accounts for roughly 10% of health outcomes. All other contributions to health outcomes are attributed to genetics, environment, social circumstances, and behaviors. These categories are collectively known as social determinants of health (SDOH), which can cause health inequities and disparities. It is becoming increasingly important to address the underlying factors of health outcomes as reimbursement for quality of care becomes the norm in the United States. Methods: A literature review using Google Scholar was conducted to identify strategies that health care organizations can implement to address social determinants of health within their communities. Results: At the organizational level, a robust population health management program and screening for social determinants are important to identify patients who may need assistance with social determinants of health. Technology is a critical tool for success with these endeavors; however, organizations must be cognizant of physician burnout. At the community level, community partnerships are necessary to extend care outside of the hospital’s walls. Additionally, selecting medical conditions associated with key social determinants is a practical approach to measuring return on investment. Conclusion: Effectively integrating new programs, technology, and community partnerships that target the vulnerable populations into a healthcare organization can prove to be beneficial in improving health outcomes and lowering healthcare costs.