Challenging Approaches in Combating Streptococcus Pneumonia Infection

Context: Streptococcus pneumoniae [pneumococcus] induces a large variety of the diseases burden such as bacteremia, meningitis, otitis media and pneumonia in human. Among these, the meningitis can be disclosed with long-lost diseases sequelae. Over the last decades, various recommendations and consensus were released to better manage this major respiratory disease. Evidence Acquisition: However, there is a controversy among the clinicians about the best strategy in dealing with this chronic infection. In brief, using proper antibiotics or conjugate vaccine to battle this bacterium is a critical question for the clinical setting. Results: Taken together, it seems that the best possible adopted strategy is to apply the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in management due to the following two reasons: 1) reducing the bacterial antibiotic resistance rates and 2) decreasing the prevalence of pneumoniae mortality and morbidity at global scale Conclusion: Conclusively, continuous surveillance surveys determining antibiotic resistance seem inevitable to track pneumococcal genetical variable populations for both successful antibiotic therapy and proper vaccination.