Radiographic Comparison of Crestal Bone Loss Around Two Implant Systems with Different Surface Roughness: A Retrospective Study

Background and Aim: This retrospective study aimed to investigate the effects of surface roughness and implant body design on the amount of crestal bone loss around implant. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, dental records of 87 patients who received 139 implants were evaluated. The ITI group received 63 implants with moderate roughness, while the DIO group received 76 implants with hybrid roughness. Radiographs were taken immediately after implant placement, on the day of loading of the prosthesis, and 1 and 2 years after loading by using the parallel method. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare bone loss in the two groups at different time points, and the Wilcoxon test was used to evaluate the intra-group variations during a period of 1-2 years after applying the force (P=0.05). Results: Radiographic records of 23 implants (16%) were unavailable during the second year. The ITI group had more bone loss at all three time points. Marginal bone loss in the ITI group during the second year was 0.65±0.44 mm and was significantly more than that in the DIO group (0.28±0.16 mm; P<0.05). The mean bone loss during the time interval of the first to the second year was significantly less than the bone loss during the time interval of loading to the first year (P<0.05) in both groups. Conclusion: Based on the failure criteria, none of the implants failed after 2 years of loading. Implants with hybrid surface roughness were superior in preserving the marginal bone around implants against occlusal forces.