Relationships Between Various Components of Metabolic Syndrome and Chronic Kidney Disease in Shiraz, Iran

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can potentially be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objectives We aimed to determine the association of MetS and the number of metabolic syndrome components with the risk of CKD in the Iranian population in southern Iran. Methods A total of 819 subjects aged 18 - 88 years were enrolled using weight-based random cluster sampling. We constructed a logistic regression model to determine the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association of MetS individual components and the number of these components with CKD. Results The prevalence rate of MetS was 25.9% (30.9% in women and 18.8% in men). CKD was present in 16.6% of the participants (men: 14% and women: 19.4%). The most prevalent component was abdominal obesity (63.6%), followed by low HDL cholesterol (36.7%), high triglyceride level (31.7%), hypertension (25.6%) and high fasting blood sugar (21.9%). Central obesity and low HDL level were observed to be more prevalent among women (P 0.001). The presence of MetS was associated with CKD with an increased OR for CKD (OR: 3.07, 95% CI 2.09 - 4.50; P 0.001). The adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.189 (0.554 - 2.555), 2.025 (0.990 - 4.141) and 4.769 (2.413 - 9.424) as the number of risk factors increased from 1 to ≥ 3. Individuals with hypertension and abdominal obesity had a higher OR of increased susceptibility to CKD in multivariate analysis. Conclusions Our study indicated a strong association between CKD and MetS in the Iranian population. It is also suggested that individuals with metabolic risk factors should be detected earlier; they should also undergo multidisciplinary interventions to hinder worsening of the individual components of MetS and development of CKD.