Breastfeeding as a Protective Effect Against Childhood Leukemia and Lymphoma

Background: Over the past several years, breastfeeding has been associated with many benefits as well as protective effects against many diseases. There is limited evidence for the relationship between breastfeeding and the incidence of leukemia. Objectives: In this study,weevaluate the correlation of childhood leukemiaandlymphomawith breastfeeding duration in children in southern Iran. Patientsandmethods: Through this case control study,wecompared 123 patients with leukemia andlymphomato a control group of 137 healthy children. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test and t-test as well as logistic regression methods. A Pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Our findings showed that breastfeeding duration had no significant difference between cases and controls. However, the rural living percentage in patients with leukemia andlymphomawas higher than in the control group (39.8% versus 14.6% [P 0.001 and OR = 3.87]) and parents’ exposure to chemical materials during the war between Iran and Iraq was higher in sick patients (6.5% versus 0% [OR = 20.2%]). Conclusions: The current study showed that breastfeeding duration has no protective effect against childhood leukemia and lymphoma. In addition, we suggest that some factors such as living in a rural area, smoking during pregnancy, parents’ exposure to chemical materials and low socioeconomic status can increase the incidence rate of childhood leukemia and lymphoma.