Genetic Structure of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain Characteristics by Using Image Processing and Generation Mean Analysis Techniques

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known to be the world-leading cereal grain and the most important food in the world of agriculture. Wheat offers a great wealth of material for genetic studies due to its wide ecological distribution and host of variation for various morphological and physiological characters. To evaluate the genetic control of physical traits of grain in two crosses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the cultivars N-92-9, Kohdasht and Ehsan, and populations F1, BC1, F2 and BC2 of their crosses were studied on a randomized complementary block design (RCBD) in three replications. Employing image-processing area, length, width, eccentricity, equivalent diameter, solidity, perimeter, and grain weight were recorded. There were significant differences observed between generations concerning area, length, width, eccentricity, equivalent diameter, solidity, perimeter, and grain weight. For most of the traits, the (F/(H×D))0.5 1 implied the different sign and magnitude of the effect of controlling genes in these traits. Broad-sense heritability and narrow-sense heritability were estimated ranging from 0.594 to 0.965 and 0.05 to 0.769, respectively, for the two crosses, which accounted for the highest estimation compared to other traits. Regarding area, length, width, equivalent diameter, perimeter, and grain weight, dominance had a greater role in their genetic inheritance control, and hence, it is recommended to use selection-based breeding for manipulation of length and eccentricity in Kohdasht × Ehsan. Additionally, a hybrid method is considered to be employed for the breeding area, length, width, equivalent diameter, perimeter, and weight grain in N-92-9 × Ehsan and Kohdasht × Ehsan.