A Review on The Medicinal Plants for The Management of Toothache in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine: An Evidence based Review

Toothache is one of the most popular pains which can influence the quality of life which generally refers to pain around the teeth or jaws. Avicenna (980– 1032), a Persian scholar, made a great illustration about oral diseases and toothache in book three and the medicinal plants which used to relieve toothache in book two of Canon of Medicine. Current investigations show that most medicinal plants mentioned by Avicenna for the treatment of toothache could have significant potential effects, including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti- nociceptive, antimicrobial and anti-plaque activities, inhibition of the biofilm formation, and mechanical plaque control in the prevention of plaque and gingivitis. This study suggests that indigenous knowledge and traditional practice can make valuable contributions to the pharmaceutical industry and the production of new effects with less adverse effects drugs.