A procedure for setting up a 180-degree sharp bend flume including construction and examinations with hydraulic structures

A laboratory flume should be necessarily accessible in the hydraulics laboratory in order to investigate and model different hydraulic and hydrodynamic phenomena that govern rivers. Hence, this article provides a description of the construction and setup process of a 180-degree ume, as the first 180-degree sharp bend flume containing multiple lateral intakes, in the Hydraulics Laboratory of Persian Gulf University, Iran. In addition, employing the constructed flume, this study includes a number of case studies that have been investigated with respect to ow pattern. Such experiments utilized a Vectrifino velocimeter in order to obtain the 3D pattern of ow velocity. In the primary stage, an experiment was conducted without any hydraulic structures installed at the bend so that ow characteristics could be analyzed in a 180-degree sharp bend. An increase in the secondary ow strength and velocity was detected because of an increase in the ow depth. Therefore, it can result in an attack on the outer wall. Consequently, a T-shaped spur dike was installed at the apex of the bend to provide protection for the outer wall against streams of high velocity. A study of the ow pattern around the protective structure was conducted under clear water conditions.