Purmorphamine as a Novel Osteoinductive Molecule: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Small molecules are active substances which are used in bone tissue engineering. They present great characteristics including induction of developmental genes, bioavailability and easy metabolism. Purmorphamine is a small molecule which has been demonstrated to exert osteogenic effects. In the present study we aimed to review present literature regarding the osteogenic effect of purmorphamine. Materials and Methods: The MEDLINE (NCBI PubMed and PMC), Google Scholar and Scopus were searched by the following keywords “purmorphamine” an‎d “osteogenesis” o‎r “osteogenic differentiation” o‎r “bone formation”. According to PRISMA statement, all in vivo and in vitro studies conducted on osteogenic effect of purmorphamine were included. Search was limited to English-language studies up to February 2020. Results: Finally, 16 studies were included and the data were extracted. Data were categorized by the studied cell type, purmorphamine dosage and treatment groups, scaffolds and results. Conclusion: It is demonstrated that purmorphamine may be effective in osteogenic differentiation of various cells but this effect may vary by applied dosage and duration.