The most valuable biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: a review article

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most popular type of dementia in elderly and is described by a progressive loss of cognitive capacity and severe neurodegeneration which typically begins with memory deficits. The major biomarkers of AD include total tau, phosphorylated-tau and 42 amino acid isoform of amyloid beta that reflect neurodegeneration and indicate the pathophysiological processes in AD. Biomarkers have been analyzed in different kinds of body fluid. Cereberospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are particularly valuable to discriminate early AD from other diseases associated with memory impairment. However, access to CSF is invasive and researchers try to find valuable biomarkers in other body fluids. In this article, we reviewed different kinds of biomarkers and their validity to diagnose and effectiveness in AD therapy.