Author/Authors :
BARDHI, Azem Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment - Department of Climate and Environment, Albania , LASKA MERKOCI, Aferdita Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment - Department of Climate and Environment, Albania , DVORANI, Mirela Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment - Department of Water Economy, Albania
Abstract :
The process known as evapotranspiration (ET) is of great importance in many disciplines, including irrigation system design, irrigation scheduling and hydrologic and drainage studies. In a broad definition, the evapotranspiration is a combined process of both evaporation from soil and plant surfaces and transpiration through plant canopies. There are various methods applied: direct measurement or observed method, indirect calculating method using empiric formulas, based on meteorological data (like temperature, wind, radiation, humidity, rainfall, etc.), water balance method. Evapotranspiration is calculated by some methods such as: Turc, Penman, Thornthweit, Penman Monteith, FAO Penman Monteith, Standartized PM, FAO56 Penman-Monteith. In this investigation, is used to estimate ETo, consisting of meteorological data FAO-56 Penman Monteith. Evapotranspiration values of obtained from FAO-56 PM are compared with values obtained by direct methods located in Lushnja station. Methods such as Thornthweit, Konstandinov, Water Balance etc. were applied and the pluviometric deficit were estimated the evaluation of real evapotranspiration. The aim of this paper is an attempt to introduce a general evaluation of the evapotranspiration in the Albanian territory, including Reference evapotranspiration (E0), Real evapotranspiration, Er, Deficit evaporation DE. For field, hilly and mountain area.
Keywords :
evapotranspiration , meteorological data , water balance , FAO 56 PM , direct method
