A Study on the Possible Impact of Adiponectin Hormone on Systolic and Diastolic Cardiac Functions in both Peripheral and Central Obesity

Obese are more susceptible to cardiac dysfunction. The protection of non obese is most probably due to different mechanisms. One of these mechanisms is adiponectin, one of the protective adipokines with its different metabolic and anti inflammatory effects.The present study was designed to investigate the differences in adiponectin levels in both central and peripheral obesity in relation to normal and to study the impact of adiponectin levels and obesity on alteration of left ventricular functions.The present study was conducted on 60 female human beings in the reproductive age group (20-45 years old) divided into three groups according to body mass index BMI waist circumference WC, control group (BMI 25), peripheral obesity group (BMI 30 WC 88cm), central obesity group (BMI 30 WC 88cm). After selection of the females having no evident risk factor for cardiac disease (none smokers, normal arterial blood pressure ( 140/90mmHg), random blood sugar ( 160mg/dl), total cholesterol ( 200mg/dl), echocardiography study was done and blood samples were collected for the measurement of adiponectin levels.The results of the present study showed that adiponectin levels decreased significantly in central obesity group compared to peripheral obesity group and control group (p 0.05). However, peripheral obesity group had no significant change in adiponectin level compared to control group. Also hypoadiponectinemia in central obesity group was associated with a left ventricular diastolic dysfunction manifested by a significant decrease of E/A ratio(early diastolic filling/late diastolic filling) compared to control group and peripheral obesity group (p 0.05) while cardiac systolic functions assessed by ejection fraction were not affected in both types of obesity compared to control group.It can be concluded that adiponectin is an adipokine whose levels are inversely related to the visceral adipose tissue rather than increased Body Mass Index. Also adiponectin may have a protective role against cardiac remodeling, this may affect left ventricular diastolic function yet it seems of no significance on systolic functions of the heart.