Transarterial Chemoembolization for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single Center Experience Including 221 Patients

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem in Egypt as well as in many countries. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a treatment modality applicable to locally advanced HCC beyond surgery or ablative therapies and is associated with survival improvements. The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of TACE in our center over the past four years. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that included 221 patients with locally advanced HCC treated with TACE in a single center between the years 2007 and 2010. The median age was 57 years with male predominance. Liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis and Bilharziasis were encountered in 64%, 31% and 8% of patients, respectively. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom (67%). Most cases were diagnosed based on radiology (57%) with a TNM stage I or II (73%) and a median AFP value of 15Ong/mL. Results: The 221 patients received 440 cycles of TACE with a median of 2 cycles per patient. Cisplatin and doxorubicin (50 mg per cycle, each) were the most commonly used drugs. Impaired liver function was the most common toxicity. Whereas liver failure occurred in 17% of patients, post-embolization syndrome was encountered in almost all cases. An objective tumor response was achieved in 44% of cases. The median overall survival (OS) was 16 months (95% CI, 13-19 months) and the median progression free survival (PFS) was 9 months (95% CI, 6-12 months). Responding patients, Child-Pugh class A and patients receiving standard doses of chemotherapy had a significantly better OS than their counterparts. Only Child-Pugh class A was associated with significantly longer PFS (p 0.001). Conclusions: TACE produces reasonable responses and fair survival rates in locally advanced HCC but with noticeable toxicities. Proper patients selection and prompt liver support are mandates for improving TACE outcomes.