Ultrasonic testing for mechanical engineering domain: present and future perspective

Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves of a range between 0.5 to 15 MHz to conduct testing. The basic principle and applications of ultrasonic testing techniques is enormous use under the domain of mechanical engineering applications. Importance of ultrasonic testing of rails, train wheels, carbon fiber reinforced plastic, aeronautical defects in composite structures, testing of welds, and some other applications are increasing day by day. Literature survey reveals that it is a challenging task for practitioners and researchers to increase the efficiency of nondestructive testing techniques for identifying and localization defects in different mechanical engineering components/parts. Basic fundamentals applications of ultrasonic testing of metal, nonmetal, ceramics, polymers, concrete, etc. are briefly explained.  Present and future perspective of ultrasonic testing for mechanical engineering domain are discussed along with the sub new development in the area of ultrasonic testing.