EDITORIAL: Bacille Calmette–Guerin dosage; challenging dogmas and changing paradigms

A ‘dogma’ is defined as a belief that is proposed by authority figures to be ‘true’ even though no or marginal data exist to support the belief. Since Morales proposed the original BCG protocol against bladder cancer in 1972, several dogmas still exist to date with its use. Morales chose a 6-weekly treatment regimen just for the convenience, as the utilised strain was provided by the Institute Armand Frappier in packages of six vials! A dose of 120 mg was also chosen based on previous humble animal studies. Morales also postulated that side-effects should last less than a week, thus, weekly instillation was described.