Causal Attribution Beliefs of Success and Failure: A Perspective from Pakistan

Pakistani students at secondary school level were asked to respond to a self-reporting causal attributions beliefs scale. The scale measured eight causal beliefs about success and failure. Participants of the study included 1826 students from three districts in Punjab. Results showed that both male and female students endorsed internal attributions as possible reasons of their success as well as failure than external attributes. Influence of parents and teachers was considered as cause of success. Effort was considered as the most important cause of success as well as failure in school subjects such as English and Mathematics. The mean difference found was significant in almost all attributions of success and failure.