Current Indications of Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) in Pediatric Malignant Conditions; a Review

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been practiced for more than 30 years. Hematological malignancies are the main indications for this treatment. However, its indications in adults are different from children. Advances in chemotherapy and target therapy have improved treatment outcome of some of the very high risk cancers, and changed indications of HSCT in children. Multi-center clinical trials evaluating outcome of childhood cancers using different therapeutic protocols are needed to precisely define the role of HSCT. A review on the current literature about HSCT indications in pediatric cancers is presented in this manuscript.