Gasotransmitters in the reproductive system: A REVIEW

Gasotransmitters are small gaseous signalling molecules produced in cell metabolism. The gasotransmitter family includes nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Previously, these gases were known as atmospheric pollutants with toxic impact on mammals. However, more recently it has been found that they play important roles in physiological processes such as vasodilation, transmission of nervous signal or body defence. Currently, the effect of the gasotransmitters on the reproductive system is being studied thoroughly. The research of the effect of gasotransmitters on the reproductive system in laboratory and farm animals is important not only to increase reproductive potential in farm animals, but also to utilize results of the research human reproductive medicine. It has been proven that gasotransmitters play certain roles both in the male and female reproductive systems. In males, all the three above-mentioned gasotransmitters influence for example penis erection. NO and CO exert some effects on spermatogenesis and sperm motility. In females, NO, CO and H2S suppress contractions of uterine smooth muscle during pregnancy. NO and CO also effect the development of female gametes. This review is focused on enzymatic production of gasotransmitters and their functions in the mammal reproductive system