Revision Note: On research study, case study: A literature review

Research works and studies are methods and processes for collecting, gathering, and analyzing data to produce results, information and knowledge that could explain phenomena through discovery, and improve the understanding and solving of problems. Research studies can be divided into several phases, namely, the first phase of spelling out problem statement, research questions, hypothesis or research objectives; the second phase of literature review, study design, instrumentation, and preliminary or pilot studies; and the third phase of data collection, data analysis or result analyses, and preparation of the research report. Research studies contribute to fact-based rather than emotion-based knowledge that futher human progress.