Effectiveness of Optimism Skills Group Training: Examination of the Attributional Styles of Boys at the Kerman Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center

Background: The way that people explain events may influence aspects of their develop- ment and health. A number of studies have reported that there is a positive relationship between pessimism and the risk of poor heath, infectious disease, and early mortality. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of an optimism skills group training (OSGT) on the attribution styles of delinquent boys. Patients and Methods: A quasi-experimental method with a two-group design was used, with random assignment and pre- and post-tests. The subjects were selected from ado- lescent boys, aged 13 to 18 years, in the Kerman Juvenile Correction and Rehabilitation Center (KJCRC). The participants were allocated to two matched groups based on their pre-test scores. They were assigned randomly to the control and experimental groups. The sample comprised 61 boys. Optimism Skills Group Training (OSGT) was conducted with the experimental group during 10 sessions. Then the subjects were administered the post-test, with a follow-up test a month later. Statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test and repeated-measures analysis of variance. The research instrument was the Attributional Style Questionnaire (ASQ). Results: The results showed that the OSGT changed the attributional styles of delinquent boys from pessimistic to optimistic. Also, the follow up study showed that the effect on the delinquent boys’ attributional style was still present after one month. Conclusions: Even though the OSGT is an effective technique for inculcating an optimis- tic attribution style in delinquent boys, this important method needs to be continually implemented in their education.