a study of memory and psychological defense mechanism in julian barnes’s the sense of an ending

in the sense of an ending, julian barnes portrays the mysterious workings of the human mind as it distorts facts towards the end of a self-image that one can live with. the protagonist in the novel deploys certain psychological defense mechanisms in order to protect himself from feelings of anxiety, only to experience even more profound anxiety due to his excessive use of them. the significance of the present paper lies in its novel view of the book. so far, the critique on the novel has mainly been focused on the workings of time on memory; however, the present paper investigates how psychological defense mechanisms blur the protagonist’s perception of reality and distort his memories. this paper also attempts to attract scholarly interest in the study of psychological defense mechanisms in the study of the sense of an ending which has so far been to the best of our knowledge overlooked.