Candida infections: Novel virulence factors and mechanisms of azole resistance

Candida represents the most common cause of fungal infections in the immunocompromised host. The incidence of life-threatening fungal infections due to Candida spp. has markedly increased over the past two decades. Antifungal treatment of candida infections is hampered by several factors, including limited number of active agents, emergence of refractory fungal species, and development of antifungal drug resistance. Here we reviewed the infections caused by Candida spp. and virulence factors that facilitate disease pathogenesis in the immunocompromised host. Aside from this, a detailed discussion on the different mechanisms of azole resistance has also been presented, to better understand and design better strategies against drug-resistant candida to improve the quality of life of individuals.