Effects of Non-Sinusoidal Motion and Effective Angle of Attack on Energy Extraction Performance of a Fully-Activated Flapping Foil

Flapping foil energy harvesting systems are considered as highly competitive devices for conventional turbines. Several research projects have already been carried out to improve performances of such new devices. This paper is devoted to study effects of nonsinusoidal heaving trajectory, nonsinusoidal pitching trajectory, and the effective angle of attack on the energy extraction performances of a flapping foil operating at low Reynolds number (Re=1100). An elliptic function with an adjustable parameter S (flattening parameter) is used to simulate various sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal flapping trajectories. The flow around the flapping foil is simulated by solving Navier–Stokes equations using the commercial software Star CCM+ based on the finitevolume method. Overset mesh technique is used to model the flapping motion. The study is applied to the NACA0015 foil with the following kinetic parameters: a dimensionless heaving amplitude h0 = 1c, a shift angle between heaving and pitching motions Φ = 90°, a reduced frequency f* = 0.14, and an effective angle of attack αmax varying between 15° and 50°, corresponding to a pitching amplitude in the range θ0 = 55.51° to 99.51°. The results show that, the nonsinusoidal trajectory affects considerably the energy extraction performances. For the reference case (sinusoidal heaving and pitching motions, Sh = Sθ =1), best performances are obtained for the effective angle of attack, αmax = 40°. At small effective angle of attack αmax 30°, the non-sinusoidal pitching motion combined with a sinusoidal heaving motion, greatly improves energy extraction performances. For αmax = 15°, Sh = 1 and Sθ = 2, energy extraction efficiency is improved by 52.22% and the power coefficient by 70.40% comparatively to sinusoidal pitching motion. At high effective angles of attack (αmax 40°), non-sinusoidal pitching motion has a negative effect. Performances improvement is quite limited with the combined motions nonsinusoidal heaving/sinusoidal pitching.