Conservation, valorisation et perspective de développement durable del’arboriculture dans les monts de Tlemcen « Cas de la région de Beni Snous » (Conservation, valorization and sustainable development of fruit tree in the mountains of Tlemcen Case the region of Beni Snous)

The work presented was conducted in the mountainous region of Beni Snous integral part of the mounts of Tlemcen(Algeria). The objective is to contribute to sustainable rural development of fruit trees that allows the maintenance ofimportant agro biodiversity, referring to the local system for the characterization of arboreal and more specifically howa fruit farm. The Study includes an inquiry diagnosis to fifty agricultural exploitations and an observation accomplishedat the level of the three sites (Zahra, Ouled Moussa and Gaada )! . It allowed us to acquire a certain number of resultsconcerning the mode of behavior of the orchards which is always made in a purely traditional of the planting up to thecrop. The technical monitoring of orchards is restricted to the size of exploitations 60 % of which have a lower size in 5hectares that pushes the farmer to exploit his fields at the farthest by linking several kinds without taking into accountspaces between lines and slopes more or less sensitive to erosion. The productivity of orchards is relatively medium, itis near 48 %, but with demographic increase, farmland becomes more and more deficient. The peasants are obliged touse the soil which is in their carrying, sometimes of mediocre quality and always degraded by the effects of the drippingand erosion. The results acquired during period 2000-2006 on experimental parcels show that the tendency to thedripping is very net during the rainy periods when the sheet erosion achieve an average of 2 t / hectare / year with thetraditional systems. It confirms the role played by the rustic arboriculture which can reduce the acceleration of erosionphenomenon without forgetting the efficacy of the rural techniques.