Effect the exclosure on plant diversity of the Hammada scoparia steppe in the Naama steppe courses (Algeria)

The analysis of ecological data is certainly a preliminary for first class understanding of ecosystem functioning and environmental design. Our work is to provide a fine phytoecological analysis based on the dynamics of vegetation and floristic inventories. The Steppe south Oranian of Naama (Algeria) at Remth (Hammada scoparia) is a representative example of arid threatened areas by the scourge of desertification, a strong human pressure and climatic constraints. It occupies the southern foothills of the Saharan Atlas, glacis and hamadas of the northern part of the Sahara where this species seems to find an optimum development in shallow soil, mostly in sandy loam texture, under lower arid and Saharan climate (isohyet between 100 and 150 mm). To overcome the degradation, actions and measures for rehabilitation and restoration will be considered using the most appropriate techniques of pastoral arrangements. Among these pasture improvement techniques, there is the exclosure technique (fencing). The objective of this latter is to encourage natural regeneration, the best to induce the recovery of natural biological steppe. Following this assessment, rehabilitation by the technique of exclosure the Hammada scoparia steppe has a positive impact on biological recovery by quantitative and qualitative increase in the rate of recovery of vegetation, flora richness and of phytomass. Floristic diversity of the Hammada scoparia steppe is very special because of its biological, systematic and phytogeographic characterization. This review underscores the importance of Saharan-endemic species thanks to a more favorable adaptation and resistance under arid bioclimate. .