The Differences of Demographic Factors on Superior-Subordinate Communication, Relationship Quality, Work Stress and Communication Satisfaction at the Prison Department of Malaysia

This study aims to identify whether there are differences between the demographic factors and research variables, namely superior-subordinate communication, relationship quality, work stress and communication satisfaction. The selected 447 respondents were from eight correctional institutions. The statistical analyses used to test the differences in demographic factors on variables were t-tests and One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed the differences in terms of race and marital status on superior-subordinate communication. For relationship quality, there were differences in terms of race, marital status, academic qualification and designation. Gender and marital status differed in terms of work stress among the respondents. Marital status and designation differed in terms of the respondents’ communication satisfaction. It can be said that the single Malay respondents had a low perception on superior-subordinate communication and relationship quality. The single male respondents faced a higher level of work stress compared to female and married respondents. In addition, the single respondents holding junior officers’ posts had a low perception on communication satisfaction.