The Rebellions That Başkırts Rebel Against Asimilation and Occupation Politics of Tisarist Russia (The Second Half of XVIIth Century, and XVIIIth Century)

In this study after giving general information about the historical situation of the Başkırts. Tsarist s rule had taken up on the Başkırts, and this led it to rebellion during dominance of Russian managers’ facilities which caused rebellion of Başkırts were researched and examined. In 1552, by maintaining the Kazan Khanate by Russians, Başkırts were ataccted from Russians and in 1557 Russian dominance got whole of them. Thus Russians effected on Turkish klan in the region of İdil-Ural. The first Turkish klan which was under power of Russia was Tatar-Başkırts Turks. Başkırts has rebelled against Russia between XVII and XVIII centuries, by showing attacks of Russian to Başkırt’s national and holy values and subsititute Russians to their lands as a reason.. This rebellions that has continued 200 years. Aamong Başkırts, the first wave of discontent began in 1584 against the Russian government, but this dissatisfaction had not reached the size of the rebellion until 1645. Başkırts lands were seized by the Russians in 1645 and this led to rebellion in Ufa region.In 1661 after nearly 15 years, the rebellion Bloodily suppressed, under the leadership of Sadıroğlu Seyit Batır, Başkırt’s first largest and most significant attacks took place in the Western Bashkortostan against Russian domination. Seyit Batır has achieved success in part. The purpose of rebellion was putting an end to the Russian dominance and to re-establish the Tura dominance of khanate. In July 1662, a revolt began against Russian rule under the leadership of Sarı Mergen. As a result of this rebellion many castles, monasteries and Russian villages were besieged along Iset rivers and Neva river, and were attacked the city of Ufa. Russian management has given signal about a softening implemented strict policies of the Başkırts. Russia rulers made a deal with leaders who organized the rebellion as giving some promises, such as taxes of which will be done the improvements. But after a while Russians were abused these well-intentioned attitudes of Başkırts. Başkırts began rebel movement back the years 1662-1664, which runs under the leadership of Kese Sultan. The Kalmuk’s Prince, his bridegroom and also Kazaks who were living in Siberia helped Kese Sultan, and the other Turkish tribes helped him. They have achieved success in part. Otoman Empire was dealing with these wars because of its Kırım Policy. By the leadership of tribal chief Seyit, Başkırts rebelled again. This rebellion took place in history as “Seyit İsyanı”. The rebellion continued about five years. In this period, many Russian residances were fired and looted in Ufa and Kazan towns. Many Russians were killed. Tsar Alexey Mihailovic sent military strength from Moscow by the purpose of suppressing the rebellion. Between the years 1664-67, under the leadership of Kese Sultan and his brother started a rebellion against the Russians by the support of Kalmuks again. Meanwhile,Kese Sultan established contact with Crimea and the Ottoman Empire. While Başkırts rebelions were continued, Tsar Alexey Mihailovic made a call to Başkırts to admit being Christian in 1680. Başkırts began to rebel again because of admitting this call as an insult in 1704. In 1707 Başkırts were released a new rebellion under the leadership of Aldar-Kusümov” because of pressure and as a result of abuse by the powers of the Ufa commissioner Sergeyev. During this rebellion, Başkırts especially pointed Karakalpaks to his side and a part of the Tatars. Başkırts’ struggle against Russian rule was intensified between the years 1708-1710. Especially in this period, the Kazakh combat troops fought against the Russian armed troops and helped Başkırts and Karakalpaks moved with them. Because of this development, Russian managers, officers and the general had to make a consultation. This consultation’s plan was not only make the rebellion end but also keep Baskırts people in fear and become them a loyal nation of them should be done what was discussed. They revised every subject to go on their plan and control Başkırt people. The Russian government has continued to spread the Orthodox Christianity between Başkırts and other foreign nations. Between the years 1740-42 17,362 people were forced to accept Christianity. Başkırts were baptized due to be followed fear by local authorities. Başkırts who accepted Christianity desired to be Muslim again by the affect of their Mollas. However, these requests were often left inconclusive and those who wish to return to Islam were punished. This has been releasing Başkırts outraged. This dissatisfaction of Başkırts has increased even more after issued decree in 1754. In line with this decree Başkırts had to buy salt instead of buying prohibited tax liability from the treasure. Başkırts were tried to convince to buy salt from treasury by the Russian managers. Otherwise, they were told to use force against them. Başkırts did not want to get salt with the money because of having plenty of it in their own land, so they revolted again by the leadership of Mullah Abdulla Miyagzildin known as Batarşi among people. However, the Russian administration suppressed this riot, after that they could not dare to rebel. Tsarist management had invaded this land that the main features of this policy was the use of force to foreigners to be accepted the Orthodoxy, to enmities the peoples of the occupied territories nations against one another, to incite and provoke the Russian Kazaks and the Kazakh villagers set against the Russian peoples as it should be noted. Russians Manage method practiced for managing policy against Başkırts have taken under their own nationalities of the peoples by divide,part and rule once again showed itself. The riots, which continued intermittently for nearly 200 years was the Russians assimilation politics. Başkırts was trying to defend against Russians assimilation politics and protect their land, their national and spiritual values, the legal rights and they wanted to put an end to Russian domination. This has taken its place in history as the National Struggle of Başkırts.