Sensitive detection of hydrochlorothiazide using Ce3+/NiO hexagonal nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode

The present research presented a novel modification approach for modifying a glassy carbon electrode on the basis of the Ce^3+/NiO hexagonal nanoparticles (Ce^3+/NiO hexagonal NPs/GCE). In so doing, we devised the new modified electrode for using as one of the sensitive sensors for detecting the trace amounts of hydrochlorothiazide. Moreover, it is an acceptable electrocatalyst for catalytic oxidation of hydrochlorothiazide by shifting the overpotential toward less positive potential and enhancing catalytic current in comparison to the bare GCE. In a concentration range 0.1 to 700.0 μM in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at a pH of 7.0, the responses were linear and hydrochlorothiazide detection limit for this method was 0.03 μM (S/N=3). Furthermore, this sensor successfully detected hydrochlorothiazide in hydrochlorothiazide tablets and urine samples with satisfactory recovery ranges, indicating a promising application in biological samples, pharmaceutical compounds analysis and clinical diagnosis.